In the heart of Portugal, a silent architectural revolution is taking place, one that could reshape the future of sustainable construction and energy efficiency. Researchers, led by Kátia Soares from the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Coimbra, are delving deep into the country’s rich heritage of wattle and daub constructions, a technique that has stood the test of time and is now poised to make a significant impact on modern building practices.
Wattle and daub, known locally as tabique, pau-a-pique, torchis, or quincha, is an ancient construction method that uses a lattice of wooden strips (wattle) daubed with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, animal dung, and straw. This technique, prevalent in Portugal until the mid-20th century, is not just a relic of the past but a beacon of sustainable and energy-efficient building practices.
Soares and her team have conducted an extensive study, analyzing 30 buildings across Portugal, including the less-explored central and southern regions, as well as the Autonomous Regions of the Azores and Madeira. Their findings, published in the journal Buildings, reveal a diverse and adaptable construction method that has been integral to Portugal’s architectural identity.
“Wattle and daub constructions are not just historically significant; they are a testament to sustainable building practices,” Soares explains. “The use of local materials, the lack of need for specialized labor, and the adaptability to different climatic conditions make it an ideal solution for modern, eco-friendly construction.”
The study highlights the thermal insulation properties of wattle and daub walls, a crucial factor in today’s energy-conscious world. With the increasing demand for energy-efficient buildings, this traditional technique offers a sustainable alternative that can significantly reduce carbon emissions and energy consumption.
The commercial implications for the energy sector are vast. As governments and corporations worldwide push for greener building standards, wattle and daub could emerge as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution. The technique’s versatility allows for adaptations based on economic status and building function, making it accessible for both affordable housing and high-end constructions.
Moreover, the study’s findings provide a solid foundation for future interventions, encouraging the appreciation and preservation of this cultural heritage. By understanding the structural and functional behavior of wattle and daub walls, architects and engineers can make informed decisions about repair materials and intervention processes, ensuring the durability and sustainability of these historic structures.
The research also underscores the importance of integrating traditional construction practices with innovative solutions. This approach not only meets contemporary demands for sustainability and functionality but also safeguards the authenticity and cultural identity of communities associated with this heritage.
As Portugal continues to grapple with housing deficits and the need for sustainable development, wattle and daub constructions offer a promising path forward. By embracing this traditional technique, the country can reduce its environmental impact, preserve its cultural legacy, and pave the way for a more sustainable future.
The study’s broad geographical coverage and detailed analysis provide a comprehensive overview of wattle and daub constructions in Portugal, filling a significant knowledge gap in the existing literature. This research is not just about preserving the past; it’s about shaping a sustainable future for the construction industry and the energy sector.
Soares’ work is a call to action for architects, engineers, and policymakers to recognize the value of traditional construction methods. By doing so, they can contribute to a more sustainable and culturally rich built environment, one that honors the past while embracing the future. The findings from this research could very well shape the future of construction, making it more sustainable, energy-efficient, and culturally sensitive.