In a groundbreaking study published in the journal *Buildings* (translated as “Buildings”), researchers have delved into the sustainability potential of glulam (glue-laminated timber) buildings, offering insights that could reshape the construction and energy sectors. Led by Ruijing Liu from the College of Material Science and Art Design at Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, the research provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of life cycle assessments (LCAs), highlighting regional differences in carbon footprint performance within the ISO 14040 and EN 15978 frameworks.
The study reveals that wood buildings, particularly those using glulam, have a significantly reduced carbon footprint compared to traditional materials like concrete and steel. This reduction is attributed to factors such as carbon sequestration and the use of clean energy. “Our review research shows the lowest glulam carbon footprints, which are 28–70% lower than traditional materials, due to clean energy and sustainable practices,” Liu noted. This finding is particularly relevant for the energy sector, as it underscores the potential for mass timber buildings to contribute to decarbonization goals.
Geographical differences play a crucial role in the carbon footprint of glulam production. Europe and North America demonstrate optimal performance metrics, thanks to advanced technology and long-term sustainable forest management. In contrast, Asia and Africa face systemic deficits driven by resource scarcity, climatic stressors, and land-use pressures. South America and Oceania exhibit transitional dynamics, with outcomes influenced by localized deforestation trends and conservation efficacy.
The study also highlights the broader environmental and social benefits of glulam buildings. Glulam buildings outperformed concrete and steel across 11–18 environmental categories, with carbon storage offsetting 30–47% of emissions. Additionally, circular strategies like recycling and prefabrication reduced end-of-life emissions by 12–29% and cut construction time and costs. Social benefits included job creation, with an estimated 1 million jobs in the EU, and improved well-being in wooden interiors.
To further reduce carbon footprint disparities, the study emphasizes the need for sustainable forest management, longer building lifespans, optimized energy mixes, shorter transport distances, advanced production technologies, and improved recycling systems. “Prioritizing equitable partnerships and enhancing international exchanges of technical expertise will facilitate the adoption of sustainable practices in glulam buildings and advance decarbonization goals in the global building sector,” Liu added.
This research not only sheds light on the current state of glulam buildings but also points to future developments in the field. As the construction and energy sectors increasingly focus on sustainability, the findings from this study could drive innovation and investment in mass timber buildings. By adopting the recommended strategies, stakeholders can contribute to a more sustainable and equitable future, reducing carbon footprints and fostering economic growth.