In the heart of Bangkok, researchers are exploring a novel approach to concrete construction that could revolutionize how we build in challenging environments. Pochara Kruavit, from the Construction and Building Materials Research Center at King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, is leading a pioneering study into drone-assisted concrete placement, with significant implications for the energy sector and beyond.
The study, published in *Case Studies in Construction Materials* (translated from Thai as “Studies on Construction Materials”), investigates the feasibility of using drones to place self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLC). This innovative method aims to enhance construction efficiency, safety, and accessibility, particularly in remote or hazardous locations.
Kruavit and his team developed an optimized SCLC mix designed specifically for aerial placement. The mix, containing 400 kg/m³ of cement and 8% superplasticizer, achieved impressive flow characteristics and compressive strength, meeting the European Federation of National Associations of Water Services (EFNARC) criteria. “The key was to balance flowability and strength,” Kruavit explained. “We needed a concrete that could flow smoothly out of the drone but still maintain its structural integrity.”
The research involved extensive drone-based experiments to evaluate flight energy, pouring time, and mechanical properties under varying operational conditions. The findings revealed that flying energy increases by 17.4% per kilogram of payload, with an estimated unit energy for concrete pouring of 1.775 Wh/kg. “Concrete flowability significantly affects pouring time,” Kruavit noted. “Improved flow reduces energy and time consumption, making the process more efficient.”
However, the study also highlighted some challenges. Higher drop heights and wind speeds increased splash dispersion, affecting placement precision. Mechanical testing showed a slight reduction in compressive and flexural strengths for drone-cast specimens compared to conventional casting. “While there are minor challenges in precision placement, the overall feasibility of drone-assisted SCLC placement at a laboratory scale is confirmed,” Kruavit stated.
The implications for the energy sector are substantial. In remote or hazardous environments, such as offshore wind farms or nuclear power plants, drone-assisted concrete placement could enhance safety and efficiency. “This technology could reduce the need for human workers in dangerous conditions, ultimately lowering costs and improving safety,” Kruavit suggested.
The study contributes to the emerging field of aerial robotics in construction, offering a foundation for future development of automated, drone-based concrete placement. As the technology advances, it could transform how we approach construction in challenging environments, paving the way for more innovative and efficient building practices.
In the words of Kruavit, “This is just the beginning. The potential for drone-assisted concrete placement is vast, and we are excited to explore its full capabilities in the years to come.”