In the relentless pursuit of sustainable solutions to global water scarcity, a recent study has shed light on a promising avenue: integrating solar distillation systems with photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems. This innovative approach, explored in a review paper published in the journal “Energy Conversion and Management: X” (translated to English as “Energy Conversion and Management: Beyond”), could significantly enhance freshwater production, particularly in remote and arid regions.
The research, led by Omer K. Ahmed from the Northern Technical University in Iraq, underscores the potential of this hybrid system to boost the productivity of pure water, while simultaneously improving the thermal and electrical efficiency of the system. “The integration of PV/T systems with solar distillers has shown remarkable improvements in performance,” Ahmed notes. “We’ve seen increases in distilled water production by up to 161.5%, with thermal efficiency improvements of approximately 75.11%, and electrical efficiency gains exceeding 20% in some designs.”
The study, which analyzed a decade’s worth of experimental studies and numerical simulations, delves into the impact of system design, water depth, and the use of advanced materials like nano oxides and phase change materials (PCM). It also considers the influence of climate conditions on system performance. However, the review also highlights several challenges that hinder the widespread adoption of these systems, including high initial construction costs, maintenance difficulties, and complexities of expansion, especially in desert environments or areas with weak infrastructure.
The findings of this review could have significant implications for the energy and water sectors. As the demand for freshwater continues to grow, particularly in water-scarce regions, the development of more efficient and sustainable hybrid systems could provide a much-needed solution. Moreover, the integration of PV/T systems with solar distillers could open up new opportunities for renewable energy utilization, contributing to the global transition towards a low-carbon economy.
Ahmed’s research serves as a solid knowledge base for researchers and designers aiming to develop more efficient and sustainable hybrid systems. As the world grapples with the dual challenges of water scarcity and climate change, this innovative approach could pave the way for a more sustainable future. “This review aims to support researchers and designers in their quest to meet the increasing demand for drinking water through renewable energy solutions,” Ahmed concludes.
In the ever-evolving landscape of renewable energy and water treatment technologies, this research offers a compelling glimpse into the potential of hybrid systems to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. As the energy sector continues to innovate, the integration of solar distillation and PV/T systems could emerge as a key strategy in the global effort to ensure water security and promote sustainable development.