In the pursuit of climate neutrality, Austria is turning to its building stock for answers, and new research is shedding light on the most effective strategies to reduce emissions from this sector. A study published in the journal *Buildings & Cities* (translated from German as “Buildings & Cities”), led by Nicolas Alaux from the Institute of Structural Design at Graz University of Technology, offers a comprehensive analysis of circular economy strategies that could significantly cut embodied greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Austria’s buildings by 2050.
The research, which combines material flow analysis and prospective life cycle assessment, evaluates three key strategies: extending building lifespans through renovation, reusing components, and recycling materials. The findings reveal that renovation is the most robust approach, consistently reducing cumulative embodied GHG emissions by 13–15% across various future scenarios. “Renovation offers the most reliable path to reducing emissions,” Alaux explains. “It’s a strategy that delivers consistent benefits, regardless of future construction trends.”
Component reuse, while valuable, provides a more modest reduction of 5–8%. The study highlights that the effectiveness of reuse is limited by material mismatches between existing and future buildings, particularly under alternative construction scenarios. Recycling shows variable potential, ranging from 3–10%, with its effectiveness heavily dependent on the decarbonisation of the energy mix and the types of materials used in future construction.
The implications for the energy sector are substantial. As Austria and other countries strive for climate neutrality, the focus on energy efficiency must be complemented by a preservation-driven approach. “We need to think beyond just improving energy efficiency,” Alaux emphasizes. “Preserving and adapting existing buildings, even those that are economically underperforming or lack aesthetic appeal, can significantly reduce embodied emissions.”
The research suggests that policy incentives should be broadened to include measures that extend the lifespan of buildings and promote component reuse and material recycling. This holistic approach could establish a solid foundation for Austria’s path to a climate-neutral building stock. The insights gained from this study are not only relevant to Austria but also to other countries with mature building stocks, offering a roadmap for reducing embodied GHG emissions in the building sector.
As the world grapples with the challenges of climate change, this research provides a compelling case for integrating circular economy strategies into building preservation efforts. By doing so, the energy sector can play a pivotal role in achieving ambitious climate goals, ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.