In the heart of Algeria, a team of researchers led by M. E. Belgacem from the University of Science and Technology Houari Boumedienne in Algiers is unraveling the secrets of 15th-century mortars, offering a glimpse into the past that could illuminate the future of restoration and construction. Their work, published in the Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies (Journal des Matériaux et Technologies de Construction Durables), delves into the intricate composition of historic mortars, providing a roadmap for preserving our architectural heritage.
The team’s investigation focused on a historic building, meticulously characterizing the mortars using a suite of advanced techniques. “We employed Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and X-ray Fluorescence, along with optical microscopy,” Belgacem explains. “These tools allowed us to peer into the microscopic world of these ancient materials, revealing their composition and structure.”
One of the key aspects of their research was the determination of the Aggregate/Binder (A/B) ratio, a critical parameter for understanding the mechanical properties and durability of the mortars. The team employed two methods to estimate these ratios: Digital Image Analyses (DIA) and chemical analyses. “While DIA provided valuable insights, it was limited to certain types of mortars,” Belgacem notes. “Chemical analyses, on the other hand, offered a more comprehensive and reliable approach.”
The findings of this research are not just of academic interest. They have significant implications for the restoration and conservation of historic buildings, a sector that is increasingly recognizing the importance of scientific characterization. “Our results provided clear information on the fractions of aggregate and binder,” Belgacem states. “This knowledge is crucial for matching new mortars to old, ensuring that restorations are not only aesthetically pleasing but also structurally sound.”
Moreover, the insights gained from this research could extend beyond the realm of restoration. The construction industry is continually seeking to improve the sustainability and durability of its materials. By understanding the composition and properties of historic mortars, which have withstand the test of time, we can potentially develop new, more sustainable materials for modern construction.
The energy sector, too, could benefit from these findings. Historic buildings, with their unique designs and materials, often present challenges for energy efficiency retrofits. A deeper understanding of their construction materials could pave the way for more effective and less invasive retrofitting solutions.
As we strive to build a more sustainable future, looking to the past can provide valuable lessons. The research led by Belgacem and his team is a testament to this, demonstrating the power of scientific characterization in preserving our architectural heritage and inspiring innovative solutions for modern construction.