In a groundbreaking review published in *Green Technologies and Sustainability* (translated as *Teknologi Hijau dan Keterlanjutan*), researchers have shed new light on the challenges and solutions surrounding moisture-induced swelling in natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs). Led by Riduwan Prasetya of Brawijaya University and the State University of Malang, the study delves into the intricate mechanisms of moisture absorption and its impact on these eco-friendly materials, offering critical insights for industries ranging from automotive to construction.
Natural fibers, once hailed for their sustainability and cost-effectiveness, have long grappled with the issue of moisture absorption, which can lead to swelling, reduced mechanical strength, and ultimately, material failure. Prasetya’s review, which synthesized data from over 120 peer-reviewed articles, identifies cellulose crystallinity, hemicellulose content, and fiber-matrix interfacial bonding as key factors influencing this swelling behavior. “Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing more durable and reliable NFRCs,” Prasetya explains. “Our findings highlight the complex interplay between moisture absorption and material performance, which has significant implications for industries seeking sustainable yet robust composite materials.”
The review reveals that while chemical treatments like alkali, silane, and acetylation can reduce water absorption, they may also compromise fiber strength if not applied carefully. Hybridization with hydrophobic fibers and the use of non-polar matrices emerge as promising strategies to improve resistance to moisture-induced degradation. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of environmental variables such as temperature, humidity cycling, and salt fog, which can exacerbate performance degradation over time.
For the energy sector, these findings are particularly relevant. As the push for renewable and sustainable materials gains momentum, NFRCs present an attractive alternative to traditional composites. However, their susceptibility to moisture absorption has been a significant barrier to widespread adoption. By understanding and mitigating these challenges, industries can develop more durable and reliable materials that meet the demands of various applications, from wind turbine blades to offshore structures.
Prasetya’s research also proposes design guidelines and testing protocols to enhance the long-term durability of NFRCs. These guidelines could pave the way for more standardized practices in the industry, ensuring that materials perform optimally under diverse environmental conditions. “Our goal is to provide a comprehensive framework that industries can use to develop and implement more effective strategies for moisture resistance,” Prasetya adds.
As the world continues to seek sustainable solutions, the insights from this review could shape future developments in the field of natural fiber-reinforced composites. By addressing the critical issue of moisture-induced swelling, researchers and industry professionals can work together to create materials that are not only eco-friendly but also durable and high-performing. The findings, published in *Green Technologies and Sustainability*, offer a vital step forward in this endeavor, providing a roadmap for the future of sustainable composite materials.