In the pursuit of stronger, tougher, and more environmentally friendly steel, researchers at the Manipal Institute of Technology, part of the Manipal Academy of Higher Education in Karnataka, India, have made a significant breakthrough. Led by Bhagya Laxmi from the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, the team has delved into the complex world of heat treatment processes to optimize the properties of 42CrMo4 steel, a material widely used in the energy sector for its high strength and toughness.
The study, published in Materials Research Express, focused on the impact of different tempering methods on the hardness, impact toughness, and microstructure of 42CrMo4 steel. The researchers initially normalized the steel and then hardened it using biodegradable quenchants derived from Pinnay oil, Karanja seed oil, and a blend of the two. These quenchants are not only effective but also environmentally friendly, reducing the ecological footprint of the steel treatment process.
The team employed surface response methodology to optimize the single-stage tempering process, which then laid the groundwork for exploring multiple and step tempering processes. This method allowed them to systematically identify the best conditions for achieving a balanced mix of hardness and impact toughness. According to Laxmi, “The two-step tempering process emerged as the optimal method, yielding a hardness of 36 HRC and an impact toughness of 56 Joules. This combination, validated through grey relational analysis, provides a superior balance of properties for 42CrMo4 steel.”
The implications of this research are profound, particularly for the energy sector. Steel components used in power generation, transmission, and storage often face extreme conditions, requiring materials that can withstand high loads and impacts while maintaining structural integrity. The optimized 42CrMo4 steel developed through this research could lead to more durable and efficient components, reducing maintenance costs and extending the lifespan of energy infrastructure.
Moreover, the use of biodegradable quenchants aligns with the growing demand for sustainable manufacturing practices. As industries increasingly prioritize environmental responsibility, the adoption of eco-friendly materials and processes will be crucial. This research not only advances the technical capabilities of steel but also sets a benchmark for sustainable practices in the construction and energy sectors.
The findings from this study could inspire further innovations in steel treatment, encouraging other researchers to explore similar methodologies for optimizing material properties. By balancing hardness and toughness through advanced tempering techniques, the potential for developing high-performance, eco-friendly steel components is vast. This research, published in Materials Research Express, is a testament to the ongoing evolution of materials science and its critical role in shaping the future of sustainable energy infrastructure.
