In the heart of Brazil, a scholarly debate is brewing that could redefine our understanding of traditional Luso-Brazilian architecture and potentially reshape urban planning and construction practices. Pedro Paulo Palazzo, a professor at the Universidade de Brasília, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Department of Theory and History, has published a groundbreaking article in the journal ‘Oculum Ensaios’ (translated to ‘Oculus Essays’).
Palazzo’s research challenges the conventional periodization of Luso-Brazilian architecture, which has long been tied to political and economic history and artistic styles. Instead, he proposes a new framework that focuses on the interplay between vernacular knowledge and professional expertise during the late 18th to early 20th centuries.
The study identifies four key elements that support this new perspective. Firstly, there were significant innovations in urban building regulations. Secondly, the Alentejo module of 40 palmos (a traditional unit of measurement) became widespread in urban planning during the Enlightenment and beyond. Thirdly, there is a need for a critical review of the historical and archaeological knowledge about the chronology of construction systems known as “frontais.” Lastly, there was a consolidation of a unified domestic typology between rural and urban areas.
“By shifting our focus to the techniques and regulations of construction, we can see a period of consolidation of traditional knowledge shared between vernacular and erudite spheres,” Palazzo explains. This approach offers a fresh perspective on the relevance of chronology as an analytical tool and tradition as an operative instrument in architecture.
The implications of this research are vast, particularly for the energy sector. Traditionally, energy-efficient construction has often meant adopting modern materials and designs. However, Palazzo’s findings suggest that there is a wealth of knowledge in traditional construction methods that could be harnessed to create energy-efficient and sustainable buildings.
For instance, the Alentejo module and the “frontais” systems could inspire new building designs that are both culturally resonant and environmentally friendly. By understanding and integrating these traditional techniques, architects and engineers could develop construction methods that reduce energy consumption and carbon footprint.
Moreover, the consolidation of a unified domestic typology between rural and urban areas could lead to more efficient urban planning. This could result in more sustainable and resilient cities, better equipped to handle the challenges of the 21st century, such as climate change and rapid urbanization.
Palazzo’s research, published in ‘Oculum Ensaios’, not only challenges the conventional wisdom of Luso-Brazilian architecture but also opens up new avenues for sustainable and energy-efficient construction. As the world grapples with the urgent need for sustainable development, understanding and leveraging traditional construction techniques could provide valuable insights and solutions.
This research is a call to action for architects, urban planners, and policymakers to reconsider traditional construction methods and their potential to shape a more sustainable future. As Palazzo’s work gains traction, it could inspire a new wave of innovation in the construction industry, driven by a deeper understanding of our architectural heritage.