In a groundbreaking development, researchers have harnessed the power of a humble root vegetable to revolutionize the world of metal matrix composites (MMC) and friction stir welding (FSW). Gobu Natarajan, a researcher affiliated with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, has led a study that transforms waste cassava peel into a high-performance material, published in ‘Materials Research’ (Material Science and Engineering).
The study, which focuses on friction stir welded AA6065-10% Al2O3 MMC, introduces heat-treated biosilica extracted from cassava peel. This innovative approach not only addresses waste management but also enhances the mechanical properties of the composite. The biosilica, heated to 1500°C, forms a crystalline structure that, when dispersed around the welded zone, significantly boosts the material’s load-carrying capacity.
The results are nothing short of impressive. The composite infused with 3 vol.% of biosilica, dubbed ‘C’, achieved a maximum tensile strength of 276 MPa, yield strength of 238 MPa, impact energy of 20.8 J, elongation of 5.2%, and fatigue strength of 176 MPa. Meanwhile, the 5 vol.% biosilica infused composite ‘D’ showcased a hardness strength of 121 Hv. “The inclusion of fine-grained heat-treated biosilica exhibits the greatest dispersion within the nugget zone, heat affected zone, and thermo mechanically affected zone,” Natarajan explains, highlighting the microstructural benefits.
The implications for the energy sector are vast. The enhanced mechanical properties and improved fatigue strength make these composites ideal for applications in aerospace, heavy industrial, infrastructural, transport, and military sectors. The reduced density and superior thermo-mechanical properties open doors for lighter, stronger materials that can withstand extreme conditions, crucial for energy infrastructure and transportation.
This research not only paves the way for more sustainable and efficient materials but also underscores the potential of waste materials in high-tech applications. As Natarajan notes, “This study demonstrates the feasibility of using biosilica from waste cassava peel as a reinforcing agent in metal matrix composites, contributing to both waste management and advanced material development.”
The findings published in ‘Materials Research’ (Material Science and Engineering) could reshape the future of MMC and FSW, driving innovation in industries where durability and strength are paramount. As we look ahead, the integration of such sustainable and high-performance materials could redefine the standards for construction and manufacturing, pushing the boundaries of what is possible in the energy sector and beyond.
