In the ever-evolving world of construction, the quest for safer, more resilient buildings has led researchers to delve into the intricacies of confined masonry (CM) structures. A recent study, led by Ida Ayu Made Budiwati from Universitas Udayana, has shed new light on the analysis of CM walls with openings, a critical aspect of seismic-resistant design. The findings, published in the Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, could revolutionize how we approach the construction of energy-efficient, earthquake-resistant buildings.
Confined masonry construction, which combines masonry walls with reinforced concrete (RC) tie columns and beams, has long been recognized for its earthquake-resistant properties. However, the analytical methods for CM structures, particularly those with openings, have remained elusive. Budiwati’s research aims to fill this gap by proposing a novel strut method for analyzing CM walls with confined openings.
The study began with the creation of a shell model using layered shell elements, validated against existing test results. This model was then adjusted to match the load-deformation curve of the test results, ensuring accuracy. “The shell models with reduced elastic moduli produced responses that mimic the test results well,” Budiwati noted, highlighting the precision of their approach.
Building on this foundation, Budiwati and her team developed strut models for various centric opening ratios. These models were designed to match the stiffness of the validated shell models, establishing a relationship between the opening ratio, strut dimension, and modifying factor for strut axial area. The analysis, conducted using static pushover methods, revealed the non-linear P-d curves of the models, providing valuable insights into their behavior under seismic conditions.
One of the most significant findings was the impact of confinement on the wall’s opening. The study showed that confinement significantly increases the wall’s stiffness, making it more resistant to seismic forces. However, different opening types with the same ratio slightly altered the CM response, indicating the need for tailored designs.
The research also highlighted the role of confining elements in halting crack initiation at the corners of openings, a critical factor in maintaining structural integrity during earthquakes. This finding could have profound implications for the energy sector, where the stability of buildings is paramount, especially in regions prone to seismic activity.
The proposed strut method offers a more accurate and efficient way to analyze CM walls with openings, potentially leading to safer and more cost-effective construction practices. As Budiwati explained, “The strut models with their dimensions and axial area modifying factor for the strut were proposed for the analysis of CM wall with various opening ratio,” underscoring the practical applications of their research.
This groundbreaking study, published in the Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering, could pave the way for future developments in the field. By providing a more comprehensive understanding of CM structures with openings, Budiwati’s research could influence building codes, design practices, and the overall safety of structures in seismic zones. As the construction industry continues to evolve, such advancements are crucial for creating resilient, energy-efficient buildings that can withstand the test of time and nature.
