In a groundbreaking study led by Antonio Gagliano from the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering at the University of Catania, researchers have demonstrated a significant leap towards achieving net-zero energy buildings. The study, published in Energies, explores the integration of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) plants, heat pumps, and both thermal and electrical storage systems to enhance energy self-sufficiency in residential buildings.
The research highlights the challenges posed by renewable energy sources, such as their intermittent nature and the mismatch between energy supply and demand. To address these issues, the study proposes a multi-energy system that combines PVT plants with heat pumps and dual storage solutions. This configuration not only improves energy self-consumption but also reduces the reliance on the electrical grid, thereby enhancing energy security and stability.
Gagliano and his team simulated various energy system configurations using TRNSYS 17.2 software. The results were striking: the energy system equipped with a PVT plant and both storages achieved an impressive self-consumption rate (Rsc) of 96.2% and a self-sufficiency degree (Dss) of 86.9%. This configuration significantly outperformed systems using traditional photovoltaic (PV) plants, which had an Rsc of 69.4% and a Dss of 59.9% when combined with storage.
“The integration of PVT systems with heat pumps and dual storage not only enhances energy efficiency but also reduces the carbon footprint of residential buildings,” Gagliano explained. “This approach paves the way for a more sustainable and resilient energy infrastructure.”
The study also revealed that the PVT-HP-TES-EES system reduced the electricity demand by about 25% compared to other configurations. This reduction translates to a 53.6% decrease in energy drawn from the grid, from 7,810 kWh/y to 3,623 kWh/y. Additionally, the system mitigates peak demand, which is crucial for the stability of the national electricity grid.
The economic analysis further underscored the benefits of these multi-energy systems. Both the PV-HP-TES-EES and PVT-HP-TES-EES configurations offered annual economic savings ranging from 1,119 to 1,449 EUR/y compared to the baseline configuration. Over the lifetime of the systems, this translates to a net present value (NPV) of 5,895 EUR and 6,127 EUR, respectively.
The implications of this research are far-reaching for the energy sector. As the world moves towards decarbonization and net-zero energy goals, the integration of PVT systems with heat pumps and dual storage solutions offers a viable path forward. This approach not only enhances energy self-sufficiency but also reduces the strain on the electrical grid, making it a more resilient and sustainable option for residential buildings.
The study underscores the importance of good thermal insulation and passive heating and cooling strategies in reducing building energy demand. Moreover, the simplicity and market availability of the components used in the proposed system make it feasible for both new and existing buildings.
As the energy sector continues to evolve, the findings of this research could shape future developments in renewable energy integration and storage solutions. By leveraging the benefits of PVT systems and dual storage, the energy sector can move closer to achieving net-zero energy buildings, thereby contributing to a more sustainable and resilient energy future.
