In the heart of Rio de Janeiro, a historic hill once stood as a testament to the city’s past, a place known as Morro do Castelo. Today, it’s a site of urban transformation, but the story of its demise is far from simple. A recent study published in Oculum Ensaios, titled “Morro do Castelo e dois discursos,” delves into the complex web of historical, political, and economic factors that led to the hill’s demolition in the 1920s. The research, led by Hermano Braga Viriato Freitas Filho, a scholar from the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro and the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, sheds new light on the events that shaped Rio’s urban landscape and offers insights that could influence future city planning and development, particularly in the energy sector.
The Morro do Castelo was more than just a geographical feature; it was a symbol of Rio’s collective memory and a crucial part of the city’s identity. However, as the 19th century drew to a close, the hill became a focal point for discussions on urban modernization and public health. “The need for sanitation and modernization was real,” says Freitas Filho, “but the decisions made were not just about public health. They were also about power, politics, and economics.”
The study argues that the demolition of Morro do Castelo was not merely a public health initiative but a strategic move to reshape the city’s center. The hill’s removal created an esplanade that opened up new opportunities for real estate development and urban expansion. This transformation was not just about creating space; it was about creating value. The area’s newfound accessibility and visibility made it an attractive location for future commercial and residential projects, driving up property values and stimulating economic growth.
For the energy sector, the implications are significant. Urban transformation projects often come with increased energy demands. As cities grow and develop, so does the need for reliable and sustainable energy sources. The story of Morro do Castelo serves as a reminder that urban planning decisions made today can have long-lasting impacts on energy infrastructure and consumption patterns.
Moreover, the study highlights the importance of considering the social and political dimensions of urban development. “The fragility of the population during the epidemics at the beginning of the 20th century was exploited,” notes Freitas Filho. “The state of vulnerability was used to push through changes that benefited certain groups more than others.” This raises important questions about equity and sustainability in urban development. As cities continue to evolve, it is crucial to ensure that growth is inclusive and benefits all residents, not just a privileged few.
The research published in Oculum Ensaios, which translates to “Oculum Essays” in English, offers a nuanced perspective on the past that can inform the future. As cities around the world grapple with similar challenges of urbanization, modernization, and sustainability, the lessons from Rio de Janeiro’s history provide valuable insights. By understanding the complex interplay of factors that shaped Morro do Castelo’s fate, urban planners, policymakers, and energy sector professionals can make more informed decisions that balance economic growth with social equity and environmental sustainability.
