In the bustling labs of Concordia University, a groundbreaking study is unfolding that could revolutionize how we approach cellular immunotherapy, particularly in the challenging context of solid tumors. Led by Elahe Memari, a researcher from the Department of Physics, this work delves into the intricate world of endothelial cells and their response to shear stress, opening new avenues for targeted cancer treatments.
The immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors has long been a hurdle in cellular immunotherapy. Endothelial cells, which line the blood vessels, play a crucial role in this environment. Key adhesion molecules on these cells, known as CAMs, are often suppressed, making it difficult for immune cells to infiltrate and attack the tumor. This is where Memari’s research comes into play.
Memari and her team are exploring the use of microbubble-mediated focused ultrasound to exert local shear stress on endothelial cells. This technique, which involves using ultrasound waves to manipulate microbubbles, can potentially modulate the immune response in a targeted manner. “The idea is to use these microbubbles as tiny, precise tools to stimulate the endothelial cells and enhance their ability to recruit immune cells,” Memari explains.
The study, published in Small Science, which translates to Small Science, examines the influence of both fluid flow and microbubble-induced shear stress on human endothelial cells. The researchers found that fluid flow alone can modulate the expression of CAMs like ICAM-1 over time, peaking at different intervals for different cell types. This modulation also affects the secretion of various cytokines, which are signaling proteins that play a role in immune responses.
But here’s where it gets interesting: when ultrasound is applied, the expression of ICAM-1 increases even further, and there’s a significant change in the secretion of cytokines. Many of these cytokines have immune-activating functions, suggesting that microbubble-mediated ultrasound could be a powerful tool for enhancing the immune response against solid tumors.
So, how does this translate to the energy sector? The energy industry is no stranger to the use of ultrasound and microbubbles, particularly in areas like oil and gas extraction. The ability to precisely control and manipulate these tools could lead to new methods for maintaining and enhancing the performance of infrastructure, such as pipelines and storage tanks. Imagine being able to use ultrasound to stimulate the growth of beneficial biofilms that prevent corrosion, or to disrupt harmful biofilms that cause blockages. The possibilities are vast and exciting.
Moreover, the insights gained from this research could pave the way for new diagnostic tools. By understanding how endothelial cells respond to shear stress, we could develop more sensitive and specific methods for detecting and monitoring diseases, including those related to the energy sector, such as biofouling and microbial-induced corrosion.
Memari’s work is just the beginning. As we continue to unravel the complexities of endothelial cell immunobiology, we open the door to a future where targeted, precise, and effective treatments are the norm. The energy sector, with its unique challenges and opportunities, stands to benefit greatly from these advancements. The future of cellular immunotherapy, and indeed the future of healthcare and industry, looks brighter than ever.
