In the quest for sustainable building materials, a team of researchers from Politecnico di Milano has uncovered promising potential in an unlikely source: discarded textiles. Led by Alessandro Dama from the Department of Energy, the study, published in the journal Developments in the Built Environment, explores the thermal and acoustic properties of panels made from post-consumer textile waste. The findings could significantly impact the energy efficiency and sustainability of the construction industry.
The research focuses on three types of textile compositions—mostly polyester, mostly cotton, and mixed fabrics—and their performance at varying densities. The results are encouraging, with thermal conductivity values ranging from 0.042 to 0.062 W/K/m, indicating excellent insulation properties. “The thermal conductivity of these panels increases linearly with density and relative humidity,” Dama explains. “This behavior is crucial for understanding their performance in real-world building applications.”
The study also delves into the acoustic properties of these recycled materials. Using a Kundt’s tube, the team measured sound absorption, finding that the panels fall into sound absorption classes C and D. While these are considered medium performances, they are still suitable for many building applications, particularly in combination with other acoustic treatments.
One of the standout findings is the hygroscopic behavior of the panels. The researchers conducted detailed characterizations of moisture absorption and its kinetics, revealing how these materials interact with humidity. This is particularly important for energy efficiency, as moisture can significantly affect the thermal performance of insulation materials.
The implications for the energy sector are substantial. As buildings account for a significant portion of global energy consumption, improving insulation materials can lead to substantial energy savings. “By using recycled textiles, we can reduce waste and lower the carbon footprint of the construction industry,” Dama notes. “This is a win-win situation for both the environment and energy efficiency.”
The research also highlights the potential for circular economy practices in the construction industry. By repurposing textile waste, builders can reduce landfill waste and create a more sustainable supply chain. This aligns with growing consumer and regulatory demands for greener building practices.
Looking ahead, the findings from Politecnico di Milano could pave the way for innovative building materials that are both eco-friendly and energy-efficient. As the construction industry continues to seek sustainable solutions, recycled textile-based materials offer a promising avenue for future developments. The study, published in the journal Developments in the Built Environment, provides a solid foundation for further research and commercial applications, potentially transforming how we think about insulation and acoustic materials in buildings.
As the world grapples with climate change and resource depletion, innovations like these are not just desirable—they are essential. The work of Dama and his team at Politecnico di Milano is a step forward in creating a more sustainable and energy-efficient built environment.