In the heart of Santiago, Chile, a silent revolution is taking place, one that could reshape the future of sustainable construction and energy efficiency. Researchers, led by Patrícia Marchante from the University of Cagliari’s LABTERRA, are delving into the secrets of traditional earthen plasters, uncovering their potential to revolutionize modern building practices.
For centuries, the historic neighborhoods of Santiago have been protected by a unique coating system composed of earth-based mortars. This vernacular technique, long overshadowed by industrial materials, is now under the microscope, revealing its remarkable hygroscopic properties. Hygroscopicity, the ability of a material to absorb and release moisture, is a crucial factor in regulating indoor humidity and enhancing thermal comfort. This makes it a game-changer in the quest for energy-efficient buildings.
Marchante and her team are exploring how incorporating modern finishing layers into these traditional coatings can impact their hygroscopic performance. “The goal is to understand how these traditional materials can be adapted to meet contemporary needs,” Marchante explains. “By enhancing their durability and comfort, we can promote their use in modern construction, contributing to a more sustainable built environment.”
The research, published in the journal Buildings, involves a meticulous analysis of four case studies. Samples were extracted from historic buildings, observed, and catalogued. Stratigraphic and stereo microscope analyses were conducted to identify the materials used in the finishing layers. Advanced tests, including FTIR-ATR and SEM-EDX, were employed to characterize these materials. The team then performed sorption/desorption tests on both original and modified samples to compare their hygroscopic properties.
The findings are revealing a rich tapestry of materials and techniques, often superimposed over time, reflecting the history of renovations and repairs. “We’re seeing a variety of materials, from lime to gypsum, each with its unique impact on the coating system’s sorption properties,” Marchante notes. This understanding could pave the way for innovative finishing layers that enhance the hygroscopic performance of modern earthen coatings.
The implications for the energy sector are significant. Buildings account for a substantial portion of global energy consumption, much of which is used for heating and cooling. By improving the hygroscopic performance of building materials, we can reduce the need for artificial climate control, leading to substantial energy savings. Moreover, the use of earthen materials promotes environmental sustainability, as they are natural, abundant, and have a low carbon footprint.
This research is not just about preserving the past; it’s about shaping the future. As we grapple with climate change and strive for sustainability, the lessons from Santiago’s historic buildings could provide valuable insights. They remind us that sometimes, the key to innovation lies not in looking forward, but in looking back. By integrating traditional wisdom with modern technology, we can create buildings that are not only energy-efficient but also comfortable, durable, and environmentally friendly.
The energy sector is already taking note. The potential for earthen materials to contribute to net-zero buildings is immense. As Marchante’s research continues, it is set to influence policy, practice, and innovation in the construction industry. The future of sustainable building may well be rooted in the earth beneath our feet, and the wisdom of those who came before us.