In a bid to slash energy consumption and curb carbon emissions, Europe is turning its attention to nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEBs), and a new study sheds light on how these structures are being adapted across the continent. The research, led by Marek Borowski from the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Resource Management at AGH University of Krakow in Poland, systematically reviews the current state of single-family NZEBs, revealing regional disparities and highlighting opportunities for the energy sector.
The building sector is a significant energy guzzler, accounting for roughly 40% of global energy consumption. NZEBs, which consume very little energy and produce as much renewable energy as they consume, are seen as a critical part of the solution. Borowski’s study, published in the journal *Energies* (which translates to “Energies” in English), focuses on single-family houses, which make up a substantial share of Europe’s housing sector.
The study found that regional climatic conditions and regulatory frameworks play a significant role in shaping NZEB strategies. For instance, Northern Europe sees primary energy consumption ranging from 27 to 68 kWh per square meter per year, with an average of 48.2. Meanwhile, Eastern Europe has a slightly lower average of 42.5, while Southern Europe comes in at 39.1, and Western Europe at 51.5. Notably, Eastern Europe has higher CO2 emissions compared to countries like Denmark, indicating room for improvement.
“Effective NZEB implementation depends on interdisciplinary collaboration among architects, engineers, and energy experts,” Borowski emphasizes. This collaboration is crucial to optimize building design elements, such as orientation, envelope insulation, and HVAC systems, tailored to regional climatic conditions.
The study also highlights significant knowledge gaps, particularly regarding long-term operational performance and regional comparisons of other building types. These gaps present opportunities for further research and innovation in the energy sector.
The findings underscore the importance of regional adaptation strategies in NZEB design and implementation. As Borowski notes, “Shared goals of decarbonization and occupant comfort are driving NZEB development, but regional differences must be considered to maximize efficiency and effectiveness.”
For the energy sector, these insights could shape future developments in building design, renewable energy integration, and energy efficiency technologies. As Europe continues to push towards a more sustainable future, NZEBs will play a pivotal role, and understanding regional nuances will be key to success.
This research not only advances our understanding of NZEBs but also opens up new avenues for innovation and collaboration in the energy sector. As the world grapples with climate change, such studies are invaluable in guiding policy and practice towards a more sustainable built environment.