In a significant stride towards sustainable advanced materials, researchers at Riga Technical University have developed a novel, fully bioderived, 4D printable shape memory polymer that could revolutionize industries ranging from soft robotics to aerospace. The study, led by Maksims Jurinovs from the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, introduces a material that combines eco-friendliness with sophisticated functionality, potentially reshaping the landscape of next-generation technologies.
The research, published in the journal *Small Science* (translated from Latvian as “Small Science”), presents a polymer matrix derived from plant-based acrylates, such as acrylated rapeseed oil, isobornyl acrylate, and isobornyl methacrylate. This matrix achieves a biosourced carbon content ranging from 75% to 87%, offering precise linear control over glass transition temperatures and mechanical properties. “The ability to tune these properties linearly is a game-changer,” Jurinovs explains. “It allows us to tailor the material for specific applications, ensuring optimal performance and sustainability.”
One of the standout features of this new material is its remotely controlled actuation capabilities. By incorporating up to 0.2 weight percent carbon nanotubes, the polymer gains enhanced electrical and thermal conductivity. This enables Joule heating and light-driven activation of 4D-printed actuators, making them highly responsive and efficient. “The materials demonstrate remarkable shape fixity and recovery ratios above 90%,” Jurinovs adds. “This means they can return to their original shape quickly and accurately, even after multiple cycles of deformation.”
The researchers successfully fabricated complex geometries, including auxetic and spiral structures, using vat photopolymerization 4D printing. This method highlights the material’s exceptional resolution and defect-free printing capabilities. The dual-stage actuation and modular recovery capabilities demonstrated in the study open up multifunctional applications, from adaptive medical devices to smart textiles.
The implications for the energy sector are particularly noteworthy. Traditional petroleum-based acrylates often require high activation voltages and longer recovery times. In contrast, the biobased systems developed by Jurinovs and his team require significantly lower activation voltages while maintaining rapid and efficient recovery. This could lead to more energy-efficient and sustainable solutions in various industries.
As the world increasingly turns towards sustainable and eco-friendly materials, this research paves the way for greener technologies. The potential applications are vast, ranging from soft robotics and aerospace to adaptive medical devices and smart textiles. “This is just the beginning,” Jurinovs says. “The possibilities are endless, and we are excited to see how these materials will shape the future of advanced technologies.”
In summary, the development of this novel, fully bioderived, 4D printable shape memory polymer represents a significant leap forward in sustainable materials science. With its linear tunability, remotely controlled actuation, and exceptional performance metrics, it sets a new standard for eco-friendly advanced materials. As industries continue to seek sustainable solutions, this research offers a promising path forward, potentially transforming the way we think about and utilize advanced materials in the years to come.