In the heart of the Philippines’ Maguindanao region, a groundbreaking study is unlocking the potential of four underutilized native tree species, offering promising prospects for the construction and manufacturing sectors. Led by Jayric F. Villareal from the College of Forestry and Environmental Studies at Mindanao State University-Maguindanao, the research delves into the fiber morphology of Dita (Alstonia scholaris), Himbabao (Broussonetia luzonica), Tangisang Bayawak (Ficus variegata), and Kalukoi (Ficus callosa), shedding light on their potential applications.
The study, published in the Environment and Natural Resources Journal (translated as “Journal of Environment and Natural Resources”), meticulously characterizes and compares the fiber properties of these species, including fiber length, diameter, lumen diameter, cell wall thickness, and cell wall fraction. Derived values such as the Runkel ratio, slenderness ratio, flexibility ratio, Mulhsteph ratio, rigidity coefficient, and Luce’s shape factor were also analyzed.
Villareal and his team found that Ficus variegata, commonly known as Tangisang Bayawak, exhibited the longest fibers (2.73 mm) and the thickest cell walls (9.57 µm), making it a strong candidate for various applications. “The impressive fiber length and cell wall thickness of Ficus variegata suggest its suitability for pulp and paper production, as well as for light construction materials,” Villareal explained.
Ficus callosa, or Kalukoi, boasted the largest fiber diameter (52.83 µm), while Alstonia scholaris, known as Dita, had the largest lumen diameter (38.73 µm) and the highest flexibility ratio (77.74%). These properties indicate potential uses in products like wooden toys, shoes, pencil slats, matchsticks, and more.
The analysis revealed significant differences in fiber morphology and derived values among the species, except for the slenderness ratio. This variability opens doors to tailored applications based on the specific properties of each species. “The diverse fiber characteristics of these underutilized trees present exciting opportunities for innovation in the construction and manufacturing industries,” Villareal noted.
The study suggests that these native trees could be harnessed for a wide range of products, including boxes, shelves, molding, veneer, plywood, buoys, and floats. To further validate these findings, Villareal recommends additional research into other wood properties, such as physical and mechanical characteristics, as well as considerations of genetic control, habitat, stand density, elevation, age, diameter classes, height level, and wood types.
This research not only highlights the untapped potential of native Philippine trees but also underscores the importance of sustainable forestry practices. By leveraging these underutilized species, the construction and manufacturing sectors can reduce reliance on imported materials and contribute to local economic development.
As the world seeks sustainable and innovative solutions, Villareal’s study offers a glimpse into the future of material science, where native trees play a pivotal role in shaping industries and communities. The findings pave the way for further exploration and utilization of these underutilized species, fostering a more sustainable and economically vibrant future for the Philippines and beyond.