In the heart of West Africa, Ghana is grappling with a pressing issue that could reshape its energy and construction sectors: sustainable water supply. A recent study published in the journal ‘Cleaner Water’ (which translates to ‘Cleaner Water’ in English) sheds light on the country’s groundwater resources and offers a roadmap for future development. The research, led by Victor Ofori Agyemang from the Hydrogeological Unit at the Community Water and Sanitation Agency in Damongo, Ghana, provides crucial insights into the hydrogeology of the country and the challenges it faces.
Ghana’s hydrogeology is a complex tapestry, with about 45.6% of its landmass classified as having moderate groundwater potential. However, the story doesn’t end there. “The primary issues with groundwater quality in the country are high concentrations of fluoride, arsenic, manganese, iron, hardness, and salinity in some localities,” Agyemang explains. These quality issues, coupled with poor drilling practices and lack of maintenance, have led to frequent borehole failures and low yields, particularly during the dry seasons.
The implications for the energy sector are significant. Groundwater is not only vital for drinking and sanitation but also plays a crucial role in energy production, particularly in cooling processes and as a source of steam in some power plants. Unreliable groundwater supplies can lead to operational inefficiencies and increased costs for energy companies.
Agyemang’s research recommends a multi-pronged approach to address these challenges. “For effective and efficient groundwater development, it is recommended that groundwater exploration be conducted to a minimum depth of 200 meters using the combined application of the electromagnetic method, or two-dimensional magnetotelluric, two-dimensional electrical resistivity, and two-dimensional induced polarization methods in the order presented,” he suggests. This advanced approach could significantly improve borehole yields and reduce failures.
Moreover, the study advocates for managed aquifer recharge and policy measures to balance groundwater usage with aquifer replenishment. This could open up new opportunities for the construction industry, with a demand for innovative solutions in water management and infrastructure development.
The research also highlights the need for improved drilling techniques and maintenance practices. This could drive demand for specialized services and technologies in the energy and construction sectors, creating new commercial opportunities.
As Ghana and other developing countries strive for sustainable water supplies, research like Agyemang’s provides a crucial roadmap. It underscores the need for a holistic approach that combines technological innovation, policy measures, and improved practices. The energy and construction sectors stand to gain from these developments, but only if they are willing to adapt and innovate.
In the words of Agyemang, “Sustainable management of groundwater resources is not just a challenge, but an opportunity for growth and development.” The question is, will the energy and construction sectors rise to the challenge and seize the opportunity?