In the rapidly evolving energy sector, the push for sustainable materials is driving innovation in polymer composites. A recent study published in the journal *eXPRESS Polymer Letters* (which translates to *Polymer Letters* in English) explores the potential of basalt fibers (BF) as a sustainable alternative to traditional glass fibers (GF) in reinforcing polyamide 6 (PA6) for gear applications. The research, led by Rebeka Lorber, offers insights that could reshape the future of material science in the energy sector.
The study focuses on the mechanical, thermomechanical, thermal, and tribological properties of PA6 composites reinforced with either basalt or glass fibers. The findings reveal that while both types of fibers enhance the material’s properties, glass fibers exhibit a superior reinforcing effect. “The compatibilizer improves the impact strength, but glass fibers still outperform basalt fibers in terms of reinforcement,” Lorber notes. This is a crucial consideration for industries that rely on high-performance materials, such as those in the energy sector.
One of the key findings is that both types of fibers increase the crystallinity of the polymer, albeit minimally. The thermal conductivity of the composites is also enhanced, with the highest values observed in composites that include both 30% fibers and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). This could be particularly beneficial for applications requiring efficient heat dissipation, such as in electric vehicles and renewable energy systems.
The study also examined the fiber length after production and injection molding, finding that both types of fibers were reduced to around 200–300 μm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and mapping analysis showed good dispersion of the fibers within the polymer, although the compatibility with PA6 was relatively poor.
The implications of this research are significant for the energy sector. As the demand for high-quality, sustainable materials grows, the exploration of basalt fibers as a viable alternative to glass fibers could open new avenues for innovation. “The tribological properties are comparable, but slightly better for glass fibers,” Lorber explains. This nuanced understanding of material performance can guide manufacturers in making informed decisions about the materials they use.
In conclusion, this research highlights the potential of basalt fibers as a sustainable alternative to glass fibers in polymer composites. While glass fibers currently offer superior reinforcement, the exploration of basalt fibers could lead to more eco-friendly and cost-effective solutions in the future. As the energy sector continues to evolve, the insights from this study will be invaluable in shaping the development of next-generation materials.