In a significant stride towards sustainable energy harvesting, researchers have developed a mechanically robust gel-based moisture-electric generator (MEG) that could revolutionize self-powered wearable systems and other applications. The study, led by Ying Wang from Yanshan University in China, introduces a novel approach to designing ionogels that can efficiently convert environmental moisture into electricity, even in varying humidity and temperature conditions.
The key to this innovation lies in the microphase separation within the ionogels, a process that creates distinct solvent-rich and polymer-rich phases. “The solvent-rich phase enhances ionic conduction and stretchability, while the polymer-rich phase boosts mechanical strength,” explains Wang. This dual-phase structure results in ionogels that are not only highly durable but also capable of delivering impressive electrical output.
The ionogels developed by Wang and his team exhibit remarkable mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 4.63 MPa, an elongation at break of 501.02%, and a fracture toughness of 10.81 MJ/m³. These characteristics make them highly suitable for practical applications where robustness and flexibility are crucial. Moreover, the ionogels can operate effectively over a wide range of humidity (30%–90% relative humidity) and temperature (-25°C to 55°C), making them adaptable to various environmental conditions.
One of the most striking features of these ionogels is their ability to generate a stabilized output voltage of 0.9–1.25 V and a record short-circuit current density of 539.42 µA/cm². This performance surpasses that of most previously reported gel-based MEGs, opening up new possibilities for energy harvesting in diverse settings. The electricity generation mechanism involves a synergistic coupling of humidity-gradient-driven H⁺ migration and Al electrode oxidation, ensuring both high voltage and current output.
The practical implications of this research are substantial. By integrating multiple MEG units, the team demonstrated that 50 series-connected units could achieve an output of up to 60 V, sufficient to power commercial electronics such as smartwatches and calculators. This modular approach highlights the scalability and versatility of the technology, making it a promising candidate for various applications in the energy sector.
Published in the journal ‘Interdisciplinary Materials’ (translated from Chinese as ‘跨学科材料’), this research provides a feasible strategy for designing all-weather, mechanically robust, and scalable self-powered systems. The findings not only advance the field of flexible electronic devices but also pave the way for innovative solutions in sustainable energy harvesting. As the demand for reliable and efficient energy sources continues to grow, this breakthrough offers a glimpse into a future where ambient moisture can be harnessed to power our daily devices, contributing to a more sustainable and energy-efficient world.