In the rugged landscapes of Primorsky Krai, a region in the Russian Far East, a team of researchers led by Ivan V. Bragin from the Far East Geological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences has uncovered intriguing insights into the genesis and formation conditions of high CO2 mineral waters. Their comprehensive study, published in the journal *Геосистемы переходных зон* (translated as “Geosystems of Transitional Zones”), not only advances our scientific understanding but also holds significant implications for the energy sector.
The research team conducted an in-depth analysis of the chemical and micro-component composition of water, the gas phase (CO2, N2, CH4, H2, He, and Ar), and stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen (δ18O, δ2H) in several poorly studied springs. This holistic approach allowed them to identify three distinct genetic groups of waters: Ca-HCO3 type waters, deep silicate-type waters, and acidic waters of the sulfide oxidation zone. Additionally, they found mixed-type waters that exhibit characteristics of all three groups.
One of the most compelling findings was the predominance of CO2 of mantle genesis, which accounted for over 96.9% of the gas phase. “This indicates a deep-seated origin for these waters, suggesting significant fluid dynamics within the Sikhote-Alin subsurface,” explained Bragin. The team also identified unique anomalies, such as a high methane content (up to 2.26%) in the Pokrovsky spring, which could point to possible thermogenic processes.
The isotopic composition of the waters revealed their meteoric origin from cold climate precipitation, with a notable shift relative to the global meteor line. This shift suggests intensive isotope exchange in the water-rock-gas system, providing valuable clues about the subsurface conditions.
The implications of this research for the energy sector are profound. Understanding the fluid dynamics of the Sikhote-Alin subsurface can aid in expanding the mineral resource base and conducting geological prospecting in the Primorsky region. “This study not only enhances our scientific knowledge but also opens up new avenues for resource exploration and development,” Bragin noted.
Moreover, the identification of different genetic groups of waters can inform the development of balneology, a branch of medicine that studies the therapeutic use of mineral waters. This could lead to the establishment of new health resorts and wellness centers, further boosting the region’s economy.
As we delve deeper into the Earth’s subsurface, studies like this one shed light on the complex interactions between water, rock, and gas. The findings from Primorsky Krai serve as a reminder of the untapped potential that lies beneath our feet, waiting to be discovered and harnessed for the benefit of society. With further research and exploration, the energy sector can continue to innovate and adapt to the ever-changing demands of our world.