In the heart of Moscow, researchers are stirring up a revolution in concrete technology that could significantly impact the energy sector and beyond. Larisa Urkhanova, a leading figure from the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, is at the forefront of this innovation, exploring the potential of ultra- and nanodispersed additives produced using sol-gel technologies to enhance concrete properties.
The research, recently published in the *International Journal of Computational Civil and Structural Engineering* (translated from Russian), delves into the use of aluminosilicate materials like perlite rocks with varying crystallinity as active mineral additives. These additives are obtained through a variety of methods, including the hydrolysis of sodium silicofluoride, Portland cement, and inorganic salts such as calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, and calcium sulfate. Another innovative method involves mixing liquid colloidal fungicidal sulfur with water to create a colloidal additive that modifies cement stone and concrete.
The implications for the energy sector are substantial. For instance, modifying concrete with sulfur sol increases its strength by 10–25%, making it ideal for constructing fuel storage buildings and hydraulic structures of nuclear power plants. “This enhancement is crucial for ensuring the safety and longevity of these critical infrastructure components,” Urkhanova explains.
Moreover, concrete used in hydraulic structures, when modified with a complex additive containing silicic acid sol and superplasticizer, exhibits high physical-mechanical, hydrophysical, and operational performance. This could lead to more durable and efficient dams, reservoirs, and other hydraulic structures, which are vital for energy generation and water management.
The research also highlights the benefits of using ultra-dispersed additives obtained through Portland cement hydrolysis. These additives increase the strength of heavy concrete by 24% at the design age, a significant improvement that could lead to more robust and long-lasting structures.
For road pavements, the use of micro-dosages of colloidal solutions of inorganic salts increases the compressive and flexural strength of the composite. Ultra-dispersed additives have the greatest impact on accelerating the gain of concrete strength within the first 7 days of curing, which is crucial for rapid construction and repair projects.
The potential commercial impacts of this research are vast. Energy companies could benefit from more durable and efficient concrete structures, leading to reduced maintenance costs and improved safety. The construction industry could also see significant advancements, with faster curing times and enhanced strength properties.
As Urkhanova’s research continues to unfold, it is clear that the future of concrete technology is bright. The use of ultra- and nanodispersed additives produced through sol-gel methods could revolutionize the way we build, paving the way for more resilient and efficient infrastructure. This is not just a scientific breakthrough; it’s a step towards a more sustainable and secure future for the energy sector and beyond.